|
Back to Exhibit
Leaders in Infant Nutrition (1866 - 1966)
| Abraham
Jacobi (1830-1919) |
|
Born
in Hartum, Westphalia; medical training in Bonn, Germany.
Emigrated to New York City in 1853; established a children's clinic
at the New York Medical College and, later, at the College of Physicians
and Surgeons; one of the founders of the American Pediatrics Society
and served as its first president; strong advocate of breast-feeding;
detractor of various artificial foods; published popular books on
infant diet in the 1870's and 1880's.. |
|
|
|
Book:
The Intestinal Diseases of Infancy and Childhood.Detroit:
George S. Davis, 1887.
|
| |
| Co-Authors |
 |
Otto
Heubner (1843 - 1926)Born Johann Otto Leonhardt
Heubner in Germany; medical training at Leipzig;
in 1873 became professor of internal medicine at Leipzig and, later,
professor of pediatrics there; professor and director of the Pediatric
Clinic and Polyclinic in Berlin (1894); with Rubner, published the
first calorimetric studies of the energy needs of infants. |
|
Max Rubner (1854-1932)Born
in Munich; studied there with Voit;
constructed
the first accurate respiration calorimeter at Marburg (1889);
professor of hygiene (1891) and professor of physiology (1909)
at Berlin; developed concepts of proportionality of body surface
areas to energy requirements; collaborated with Heubner to
measure energy needs of infants. |
|
|
Joint Article:
"Die
kunstliche ernahrung eines normalen und eines atrophischen Sauglings,"
Zeitschrift fur Biologie. 1899, v.38, pp. 315-398.
|
| |
|
Thomas
Morgan Rotch (1849 - 1914)
|
 |
Born in Philadelphia; medical
training at Harvard (1874) and, later, held the chair in pediatrics
there;
established the Boston's Children's Hospital; popularized the percentage
method of infant feeding; strong advocate of sanitary and modified
cow's milk in artificial feeding and established a milk laboratory
to provide such; published a major textbook that went through five
editions (1895-1906). |
|
Article:
"The
essential principles of infant feeding and the modern methods
of applying them." Journal of the American Medical Association.
August 15,1903, v. 41, pp.416-421. Article:
"An historical sketch of the development of percentage
feeding," New York Medical Journal, March 23, 1907,
v. 85, pp. 532-537.
|
| |
|
Luther
Emmett Holt, SR. (1855-1924)
|
 |
Born in Webster, New York; medical training at
Rochester, graduated from the College of Physicians and Surgeons
in 1880 and appointed professor of diseases of children there in
1902; served
as director of the Babies Hospital (1889-1923); published a popular
book, Care and Feeding of Children, and an influential textbook,
The Diseases of Infancy and Childhood. |
| Book:
The Diseases of Infancy and Childhood. New York: Appleton,
1903. |
| |
|
John
Ruhrah (1872 - 1935)
|
 |
Born
in Chillicothe, Ohio; studied at the College of Physicians and Surgeons
in Baltimore and Johns Hopkins;
named
professor of pediatrics in Baltimore; published the first papers
on the use of soy bean in infant feeding. |
|
Article:
"The soy bean as an article of diet for infants. "Journal
of the American Medical Association". 1910, v. 54, pp.
1664-1665.
Article:
"Further observations on the soy bean,"Transactions
of the American Pediatric Society. 1911, v.23, pp. 386-388.
|
| |
|
John
Howland (1873 - 1926)
|
 |
Born in New York City; graduated from the University
Medical College where he assisted Holt; professorships in pediatrics
at Washington University (1911) and Johns Hopkins (1912);
calorimetric studies and studies of nutrient requirements of children;
credited by E.V. McCollum with stimulating interest in animal models
for the study of rickets that led to discovery of vitamin D. |
| Article:
"The metabolism, directly determined, of healthy children during
sleep," Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology
and Medicine. 1910 , v. 8, pp. 63-64. |
| |
|
Alfred
Fabian Hess (1875 - 1933)
|
 |
Born in New York City; medical training at the
College of Physicians and Surgeons (1901);
conducted many studies at the Hebrew Infant Asylum; contributed
important studies and monographs on scurvy and rickets in infants
and children; showed that irradiation of certain feeds produced
vitamin D active compounds in them. |
|
Book:
Scurvy---Past
and Present. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1920.
Book:
Rickets Including Osteomalacia and Tetany. Philadelphia:
Lea & Febiger, 1929.
|
| |
|
Harriette
Chick (1875 - 1977)
|
 |
Born in London; received D. Sc. from University
College (1904);
worked at Lister Institute where she began study of vitamins; sent
to Vienna after WW I to lead a team investigating rickets in children;
demonstrated that both cod liver oil and sunlight protected against,
or cured, the disease; made a Dame of the British Empire in 1944. |
| Article:
"Study
of rickets in Vienna 1919-1922." Medical History. 1976,
v.20, pp. 41-51. |
| |
|
Edwards
A. Park (1877 - 1969)
|
 |
Born in Gloversville, N.Y.; received M.D. from
the Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons (1905); invited
by Howland to Johns Hopkins; major expertise in bone growth; collaborated
with E.V. McCollum and Nina Simmonds on studies of rickets in rats
that were instrumental in the identification of vitamin D. |
| Article
(with P.G. Shipley, E.V, Mccollum, and Nina Simmons):
"The
relative effectiveness of cod liver oil as contrasted butter fat
for protecting the body against insufficient calcium in the presence
of normal phosphorous supply." The American Journal of Hygiene.
1921, v.1, pp. 512-525. |
| |
|
Philip
Charles Jeans (1883 - 1952)
|
 |
Born In Hillsboro, Ohio; studied chemistry at the
University of Kansas and medicine at Johns Hopkins (1909);
joined the Dept. of Pediatrics of Washington University (1913)
then went as head of pediatrics to the University of Iowa where
he studied the vitamin D requirements of infants; as a member of
the Council on Foods of the American Medical Association, Jeans
authored their recommendations of the fortification of foods with
vitamin D. |
| Book:
Essentials
of Pediatrics. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1946. |
| |
|
William
McKim Marriott (1885 - 1936)
|
 |
Born in Baltimore; medical training at Cornell
University; professor of pediatrics at Washington University (1917)
and Dean of the Medical School (1923-1936);
showed
that symptoms of diarrhea in infants were due to dehydration and
accompanying acidosis and not to an intoxication as previously thought;
recommended feeding evaporated milk, to which was added corn syrup,
as an economical food for infants. |
|
Book:
Infant
Nutrition. St. Louis. C.V. Mosby, 1930.
Article:
Marriott, Wm. McK. and Schoenthal, L. "An experimental study
of the use of unsweetened evaporated milk for the preparation
of infant feeding formulas." Archives of Pediatrics. 1929,
v. 46, pp. 135-148.
|
| |
|
Icie
Macy Hoobler (1892 - 1984)
|
|
Born in Gallatin, Missouri; undergraduate education
in chemistry at the University of Chicago and Ph.D. from Yale (1920),
studyied
with Mendel; began studies of the nutrition of children in 1923
at the Merrill-Palmer School in Detroit and later for the Children's
Fund of Michigan; contributed studies of the effect of mother's
nutrition on the composition of her milk and the effects of nutrition
on the growth of children. |
| Article:
The
Composition of Milks. National Research council Publ. 254 (co-authored
with H.J. Kelley and R.E. Sloan) Washington, DC: National Research
Council--National Academy of Sciences, 1953. |
| |
|
Paul
Gyorgy (1893 - 1976)
|
 |
Born in Nagyvarod, Hungary; medical training in
Budapest (1915);
served on the faculty at Heidelberg (1920-1933) before going to
Cambridge University in the U.K. and then to Western Reserve University
(1935-1944) and the University of Pennsylvania (1944-1959); major
contributions to knowledge of infant requirements for vitamins and
the composition of human milk. |
| Article:
"A
hitherto unrecognized difference between human milk and cow's milk."
Pediatrics. 1953, v.11, pp. 98-108. |
| |
|
L.
Emmett Holt, Jr. (1895 - 1974)
|
 |
Born in New York City; medical training at Johns
Hopkins (1920)
and continued to work there for many years; became professor and
chair of pediatrics at New York University in 1944; worked on aspects
of infant nutrition throughout his career; best known for work on
amino acid requirements and on the B vitamins; continued his father's
popular book on child care and feeding. |
| Book:
Holt, L.E. Jr. and McIntosh, R. The Diseases of Infancy and Childhood.
New York: Appleton-Century Co. 1936. |
| |
|
Samuel
J. Fomon (1923 - )
|
.
 |
Born in Chicago, Il; A.B. Harvard (1945); medical
training at University of Pennsylvania (1947); Philadelphia Children's
Hospital (1948-50) and Cincinnati Children's Hospital (1950-52);
Professor of Pediatrics at University of Iowa (1954-93); Director
of Program in Human Nutrition (1980-88); major expertise in infant
nutrition, especially factors influencing food intake and growth |
| Article:"Body
composition of the male reference infant during the first year of
life," Pediatrics. 1967, v.40, pp. 963-870. |
| |
|
Helen
A. Guthrie (1925 - )
|
|
Born in Sarnia, Ontario; educated at the University
of Western Ontario (1946);
Michigan State University (1948) and Doctorate from University of
Hawaii (1968); Professor of Nutrition at Pennsylvania State University
(1949-92); Head of Department (1979-1989); expertise in infant nutrition
and nutritional evaluation; brain development. |
| Article:
"Effect
of early feeding of solid foods on nutritive intake of infants."
Pediatrics. 1966, v.38, pp.879-885. |
Back to Exhibit
|
Copyright © 2008, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Last modified: Friday, 22 July 2005
|
|
