Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology

Samuel A. Santoro, M.D., Ph.D.

Professor and Chair

Dept. of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology

Dorothy B. and Theodore R. Austin Professor

Director

Division of Host-Pathogen Interactions

Contact Information

Office Location:

C-3322 MCN

Phone: 615-322-3234

E-mail: samuel.a.santoro@vanderbilt.edu

Assistant to the Chair: Debra Leath, debra.leath@vanderbilt.edu

Campus Mail address:

Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology-3rd Fl

C-3321 MCN (2561)

US Mailing address:

Vanderbilt University School of Medicine

Dept Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology-3rd Fl

C-3321 MCN

Nashville, TN 37232-2561

Research Specialty

Structure and biology of integrin adhesive receptors for extracellular

matrix proteins

Research Description

Ongoing projects include: 1) elucidation of the structural basis by which the integrin recognizes and binds both collagenous and noncollagenous ligands, 2) elucidation of the structural basis of integrin activation that permits higher affinity binding of some ligands or that is required for the binding of other ligands, 3) exploration of the role of altered integrin expression in the invasive and metastatic behavior of tumor cells, 4) definition of the structural and biologic basis of MMP-1 (matrix metalloproteinase-1) interactions with the integrin and the role of the interaction in regulating cell surface matrix metalloproteinase activity in wound repair and related events, 5) examination of the role of integrin-mediated cell-matrix interactions in the establishment and maintenance of the differentiated epithelial phenotype, and 6) and elucidation of the structural basis and pathbiologic function of the alpha 2/beta 1 integrin as a receptor for echoviruses and reoviruses. In addition, we continue to identify new ligands that implicate the alpha 2/beta 1 integrin in novel facets of biology and pathology.

Our studies combine the application of modern protein and peptide biochemistry, immunochemical and molecular genetic approaches (including knockout mice) to address the fundamental roles and mechanisms of cellular adhesion in complex cell biological processes.

Education

M.D., Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
Ph.D., Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
B.S., Emory University, Atlanta, GA

Research Keywords

integrins, cell adhesion, collagen, extracellular matrix

Research Description

The molecular mechanisms of cell-substrate adhesion and the biologic roles of cellular adhesion are the foci of our research program. Most of our studies are centered on the alpha 2/beta 1 integrin, a cell surface receptor for collagen that was originally identified and characterized in our laboratory. Current efforts are devoted to elucidation of the structural basis of ligand recognition by the integrin, the structural basis of integrin activation and the roles of the alpha 2/beta 1 and related integrins in complex biological processes such as differentiation, development, wound healing and repair, tumor cell invasion and metastasis, and hemostasis and thrombosis.

Ongoing projects include: 1) elucidation of the structural basis by which the integrin recognizes and binds both collagenous and noncollagenous ligands, 2) elucidation of the structural basis of integrin activation that permits higher affinity binding of some ligands or that is required for the binding of other ligands, 3) exploration of the role of altered integrin expression in the invasive and metastatic behavior of tumor cells, 4) definition of the structural and biologic basis of MMP-1 (matrix metalloproteinase-1) interactions with the integrin and the role of the interaction in regulating cell surface matrix metalloproteinase activity in wound repair and related events, 5) examination of the role of integrin-mediated cell-matrix interactions in the establishment and maintenance of the differentiated epithelial phenotype, and 6) and elucidation of the structural basis and pathbiologic function of the alpha 2/beta 1 integrin as a receptor for echoviruses and reoviruses. In addition, we continue to identify new ligands that implicate the alpha 2/beta 1 integrin in novel facets of biology and pathology.

Our studies combine the application of modern protein and peptide biochemistry, immunochemical and molecular genetic approaches (including knockout mice) to address the fundamental roles and mechanisms of cellular adhesion in complex cell biological processes. .

Publications

Wright, S, Parham, C, Lee, B, Clarke, D, Auckland, L, Johnston, J, Lawrence, AL, Dickeson, SK, Santoro, SA, Griswold-Prenner, I, Bix, G. Perlecan domain V inhibits I?2 integrin-mediated amyloid-I? neurotoxicity. Neurobiol Aging, 2010
Zou, Z, Schmaier, AA, Cheng, L, Mericko, P, Dickeson, SK, Stricker, TP, Santoro, SA, Kahn, ML. Negative regulation of activated alpha-2 integrins during thrombopoiesis. Blood, 113(25), 6428-39, 2009
Marjoram, RJ, Voss, B, Pan, Y, Dickeson, SK, Zutter, MM, Hamm, HE, Santoro, SA. Suboptimal activation of protease-activated receptors enhances alpha2beta1 integrin-mediated platelet adhesion to collagen. J Biol Chem, 284(50), 34640-7, 2009
Santoro, SA, Mosse, CA, Young, PP. The MD/PhD pathway to a career in laboratory medicine. Clin Lab Med, 27(2), 425-34; abstract ix, 2007
Grenache, DG, Zhang, Z, Wells, LE, Santoro, SA, Davidson, JM, Zutter, MM. Wound healing in the alpha2beta1 integrin-deficient mouse: altered keratinocyte biology and dysregulated matrix metalloproteinase expression. J Invest Dermatol, 127(2), 455-66, 2007
Maginnis, MS, Forrest, JC, Kopecky-Bromberg, SA, Dickeson, SK, Santoro, SA, Zutter, MM, Nemerow, GR, Bergelson, JM, Dermody, TS. Beta1 integrin mediates internalization of mammalian reovirus. J Virol, 80(6), 2760-70, 2006
Edelson, BT, Stricker, TP, Li, Z, Dickeson, SK, Shepherd, VL, Santoro, SA, Zutter, MM. Novel collectin/C1q receptor mediates mast cell activation and innate immunity. Blood, 107(1), 143-50, 2006
Sarratt, KL, Chen, H, Zutter, MM, Santoro, SA, Hammer, DA, Kahn, ML. GPVI and alpha2beta1 play independent critical roles during platelet adhesion and aggregate formation to collagen under flow. Blood, 106(4), 1268-77, 2005
Bix, G, Fu, J, Gonzalez, EM, Macro, L, Barker, A, Campbell, S, Zutter, MM, Santoro, SA, Kim, JK, H????k, M, Reed, CC, Iozzo, RV. Endorepellin causes endothelial cell disassembly of actin cytoskeleton and focal adhesions through alpha2beta1 integrin. J Cell Biol, 166(1), 97-109, 2004
Wang, Hui, Fu, Weili, Im, Jae Hong, Zhou, Zengyi, Santoro, Samuel A., Iyer, Vandana, DiPersio, C. Mike, Yu, Qian-Chun, Quaranta, Vito, Al-Mehdi, Abu, Muschel, Ruth J.. Tumor cell {alpha}3{beta}1 integrin and vascular laminin-5 mediate pulmonary arrest and metastasis. J Cell Biol, 164(6), 935-941, 2004
He, Li, Pappan, Loretta K, Grenache, David G, Li, Zhengzhi, Tollefsen, Douglas M, Santoro, Samuel A, Zutter, Mary M. The contributions of the {alpha}2{beta}1 integrin to vascular thrombosis in vivo. Blood, 102(), 3652-3657, 2003
Grenache, David G, Coleman, Trey, Semenkovich, Clay F, Santoro, Samuel A, Zutter, Mary M. Alpha2beta1 integrin and development of atherosclerosis in a mouse model: assessment of risk. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 23(11), 2104-9, 2003
Chen, Jianchun, Diacovo, Thomas G, Grenache, David G, Santoro, Samuel A, Zutter, Mary M. The alpha(2) integrin subunit-deficient mouse: a multifaceted phenotype including defects of branching morphogenesis and hemostasis. Am J Pathol, 161, 337-44, 2002
Stricker, T P, Dumin, J A, Dickeson, S K, Chung, L, Nagase, H, Parks, W C, Santoro, S A. Structural analysis of the alpha(2) integrin I domain/procollagenase-1 (matrix metalloproteinase-1) interaction. J Biol Chem, 276, 29375-81, 2001
Klekotka, P A, Santoro, S A, Zutter, M M. alpha 2 integrin subunit cytoplasmic domain-dependent cellular migration requires p38 MAPK. J Biol Chem, 276, 9503-11, 2001
Klekotka, P A, Santoro, S A, Ho, A, Dowdy, S F, Zutter, M M. Mammary epithelial cell-cycle progression via the alpha(2)beta(1) integrin: unique and synergistic roles of the alpha(2) cytoplasmic domain. Am J Pathol, 159, 983-92, 2001
Klekotka, P A, Santoro, S A, Wang, H, Zutter, M M. Specific residues within the alpha 2 integrin subunit cytoplasmic domain regulate migration and cell cycle progression via distinct MAPK pathways. J Biol Chem, 276, 32353-61, 2001
Ohman, T, King, S L, Krithivas, A, Cunningham, J, Dickeson, S K, Santoro, S A, Bergelson, J M. Echoviruses 1 and 8 are closely related genetically, and bind to similar determinants within the VLA-2 I domain. Virus Res, 76, 1-8, 2001
Dumin, J A, Dickeson, S K, Stricker, T P, Bhattacharyya-Pakrasi, M, Roby, J D, Santoro, S A, Parks, W C. Pro-collagenase-1 (matrix metalloproteinase-1) binds the alpha(2)beta(1) integrin upon release from keratinocytes migrating on type I collagen. J Biol Chem, 276, 29368-74, 2001
Ding, Q, Gladson, C L, Guidry, C R, Santoro, S A, Dickeson, S K, Shin, J T, Thompson, J A. Extracellular FGF-1 inhibits cytoskeletal organization and promotes fibroblast motility. Growth Factors, 18, 93-107, 2000
Wang, H, Gai, Q, Yang, X, Li, Z, Linders, B, Santoro, S A, Zutter, M M. Role of the alpha1 and alpha2 integrin cytoplasmic domains in cell morphology, motility and responsiveness to stimulation by the protein kinase C pathway. Cell Adhes Commun, 7, 281-97, 2000
Keene, D R, San Antonio, J D, Mayne, R, McQuillan, D J, Sarris, G, Santoro, S A, Iozzo, R V. Decorin binds near the C terminus of type I collagen. J Biol Chem, 275, 21801-4, 2000
Dickeson, S K, Mathis, N L, Rahman, M, Bergelson, J M, Santoro, S A. Determinants of ligand binding specificity of the alpha(1)beta(1) and alpha(2)beta(1) integrins. J Biol Chem, 274, 32182-91, 1999
Zutter, M M, Santoro, S A, Wu, J E, Wakatsuki, T, Dickeson, S K, Elson, E L. Collagen receptor control of epithelial morphogenesis and cell cycle progression. Am J Pathol, 155, 927-40, 1999
Santoro, S A. Platelet surface collagen receptor polymorphisms: variable receptor expression and thrombotic/hemorrhagic risk. Blood, 93, 3575-7, 1999
Hamerski, D A, Santoro, S A, . Integrins and the kidney: biology and pathobiology.. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens, 8, 9-14, 1999
Sun, H, Santoro, S A, Zutter, M M. Downstream events in mammary gland morphogenesis mediated by reexpression of the alpha2beta1 integrin: the role of the alpha6 and beta4 integrin subunits. Cancer Res, 58(10), 2224-33, 1998
Xu, J, Zutter, M M, Santoro, S A, Clark, R A. A three-dimensional collagen lattice activates NF-kappaB in human fibroblasts: role in integrin alpha2 gene expression and tissue remodeling. J Cell Biol, 140(3), 709-19, 1998
Bhattacharyya-Pakrasi, M, Dickeson, S K, Santoro, S A, . Alpha2beta1 integrin recognition of the carboxyl-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen: integrin recognition and feed-back regulation of matrix biosynthesis are mediated by distinct sequences.. Matrix Biol, 17, 223-32, 1998
Zutter, M M, Sun, H, Santoro, S A. Altered integrin expression and the malignant phenotype: the contribution of multiple integrated integrin receptors. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia, 3, 191-200, 1998
Dickeson, S K, Walsh, J J, Santoro, S A, . Binding of the alpha 2 integrin I domain to extracellular matrix ligands: structural and mechanistic differences between collagen and laminin binding.. Cell Adhes Commun, 5, 273-81, 1998
Dickeson, S K, Bhattacharyya-Pakrasi, M, Mathis, N L, Schlesinger, P H, Santoro, S A. Ligand binding results in divalent cation displacement from the alpha 2 beta 1 integrin I domain: evidence from terbium luminescence spectroscopy. Biochemistry, 37(32), 11280-8, 1998
Dickeson, S K, Santoro, S A. Ligand recognition by the I domain-containing integrins. Cell Mol Life Sci, 54(6), 556-66, 1998
Zutter, M M, Santoro, S A. The ups and downs of alpha 2 beta 1-integrin expression: contributions to epithelial cell differentiation and the malignant phenotype. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol, 231, 167-85, 1998
Staatz, W D, Walsh, J J, Santoro, S A. The alpha 2 beta 1 integrin binds to the CB4 peptide of the alpha 2(I) collagen chain. Biochem Mol Biol Int, 42(3), 577-82, 1997
Despotis, G J, Ikonomakou, S, Levine, V, Joiner-Maier, D, Santoro, S A, Joist, J H. Effects of platelets and white blood cells and antiplatelet agent C7E3 (Reopro) on a new test of PAF procoagulant activity of whole blood. Thromb Res, 86(3), 205-19, 1997
Despotis, G J, Levine, V, Joist, H, Santoro, S A, Mendeloff, E. Multiple episodes of thrombosis with biventricular support devices with inadequate anticoagulation and evidence of accelerated intravascular coagulation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 113(2), 419-22, 1997
Dickeson, S K, Walsh, J J, Santoro, S A. Contributions of the I and EF hand domains to the divalent cation-dependent collagen binding activity of the alpha2beta1 integrin. J Biol Chem, 272(12), 7661-8, 1997
Despotis, G J, Joist, J H, Goodnough, L T, Santoro, S A, Spitznagel, E. Whole blood heparin concentration measurements by automated protamine titration agree with plasma anti-Xa measurements. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 113(3), 611-3, 1997
Windus, D W, Santoro, S A, Atkinson, R, Royal, H D. Effects of antiplatelet drugs on dialysis-associated platelet deposition in polytetrafluoroethylene grafts. Am J Kidney Dis, 29(4), 560-4, 1997
Dieckgraefe, B K, Weems, D M, Santoro, S A, Alpers, D H. ERK and p38 MAP kinase pathways are mediators of intestinal epithelial wound-induced signal transduction. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 233(2), 389-94, 1997
Xu, J, Zutter, M M, Santoro, S A, Clark, R A. PDGF induction of alpha 2 integrin gene expression is mediated by protein kinase C-zeta. J Cell Biol, 134(5), 1301-11, 1996
Despotis, G J, Levine, V, Filos, K S, Santoro, S A, Joist, J H, Spitznagel, E, Goodnough, L T. Evaluation of a new point-of-care test that measures PAF-mediated acceleration of coagulation in cardiac surgical patients. Anesthesiology, 85(6), 1311-23, 1996
Despotis, G J, Joist, J H, Hogue, C W, Alsoufiev, A, Joiner-Maier, D, Santoro, S A, Spitznagel, E, Weitz, J I, Goodnough, L T. More effective suppression of hemostatic system activation in patients undergoing cardiac surgery by heparin dosing based on heparin blood concentrations rather than ACT. Thromb Haemost, 76(6), 902-8, 1996
Windus, DW, Atkinson, R, Santoro, S. The effects of hemodialysis on platelet activation with new and reprocessed regenerated cellulose dialyzers. Am J Kidney Dis, 27(3), 387-93, 1996
Wu, J E, Santoro, S A. Differential expression of integrin alpha subunits supports distinct roles during lung branching morphogenesis. Dev Dyn, 206(2), 169-81, 1996
Despotis, G J, Alsoufiev, A, Hogue, C W, Zoys, T N, Goodnough, L T, Santoro, S A, Kater, K M, Barnes, P, Lappas, D G. Evaluation of complete blood count results from a new, on-site hemocytometer compared with a laboratory-based hemocytometer. Crit Care Med, 24(7), 1163-7, 1996
Dieckgraefe, B K, Santoro, S A, Alpers, D H. Immunolocalization of alpha-integrin subunits and extracellular matrix components during human colonic organogenesis. Gastroenterology, 110(1), 58-71, 1996
Windus, DW, Santoro, S, Royal, HD. The effects of hemodialysis on platelet deposition in prosthetic graft fistulas. Am J Kidney Dis, 26(4), 614-21, 1995
Despotis, G J, Joist, J H, Joiner-Maier, D, Alsoufiev, A L, Triantafillou, A N, Goodnough, L T, Santoro, S A, Lappas, D G. Effect of aprotinin on activated clotting time, whole blood and plasma heparin measurements. Ann Thorac Surg, 59(1), 106-11, 1995
Keely, P J, Fong, A M, Zutter, M M, Santoro, S A. Alteration of collagen-dependent adhesion, motility, and morphogenesis by the expression of antisense alpha 2 integrin mRNA in mammary cells. J Cell Sci, 108 ( Pt 2), 595-607, 1995
Keely, P J, Wu, J E, Santoro, S A. The spatial and temporal expression of the alpha 2 beta 1 integrin and its ligands, collagen I, collagen IV, and laminin, suggest important roles in mouse mammary morphogenesis. Differentiation, 59(1), 1-13, 1995
Despotis, G J, Joist, J H, Hogue, C W, Alsoufiev, A, Kater, K, Goodnough, L T, Santoro, S A, Spitznagel, E, Rosenblum, M, Lappas, D G. The impact of heparin concentration and activated clotting time monitoring on blood conservation. A prospective, randomized evaluation in patients undergoing cardiac operation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 110(1), 46-54, 1995
Zutter, M M, Santoro, S A, Staatz, W D, Tsung, Y L. Re-expression of the alpha 2 beta 1 integrin abrogates the malignant phenotype of breast carcinoma cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 92(16), 7411-5, 1995
Santoro, S A, Zutter, M M. The alpha 2 beta 1 integrin: a collagen receptor on platelets and other cells. Thromb Haemost, 74(3), 813-21, 1995
Despotis, G J, Hogue, C W, Santoro, S A, Joist, J H, Barnes, P W, Lappas, D G. Effect of heparin on whole blood activated partial thromboplastin time using a portable, whole blood coagulation monitor. Crit Care Med, 23(10), 1674-9, 1995
Saelman, E U, Keely, P J, Santoro, S A. Loss of MDCK cell alpha 2 beta 1 integrin expression results in reduced cyst formation, failure of hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor-induced branching morphogenesis, and increased apoptosis. J Cell Sci, 108 ( Pt 11), 3531-40, 1995
Fong, A M, Santoro, S A. Transcriptional regulation of alpha IIb integrin gene expression during megakaryocytic differentiation of K562 cells. Role of a silencer element. J Biol Chem, 269(28), 18441-7, 1994
Santoro, S A. Antiphospholipid antibodies and thrombotic predisposition: underlying pathogenetic mechanisms. Blood, 83(9), 2389-91, 1994
Zutter, M M, Santoro, S A, Painter, A S, Tsung, Y L, Gafford, A. The human alpha 2 integrin gene promoter. Identification of positive and negative regulatory elements important for cell-type and developmentally restricted gene expression. J Biol Chem, 269(1), 463-9, 1994
Despotis, G J, Summerfield, A L, Joist, J H, Goodnough, L T, Santoro, S A, Zimmermann, J J, Lappas, D G. In vitro reversal of heparin effect with heparinase: evaluation with whole blood prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time in cardiac surgical patients. Anesth Analg, 79(4), 670-4, 1994
Choi, ET, Engel, L, Callow, AD, Sun, S, Trachtenberg, J, Santoro, S, Ryan, US. Inhibition of neointimal hyperplasia by blocking alpha V beta 3 integrin with a small peptide antagonist GpenGRGDSPCA. J Vasc Surg, 19(1), 125-34, 1994
Despotis, G J, Santoro, S A, Spitznagel, E, Kater, K M, Cox, J L, Barnes, P, Lappas, D G. Prospective evaluation and clinical utility of on-site monitoring of coagulation in patients undergoing cardiac operation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 107(1), 271-9, 1994
Santoro, S A, Zutter, M M, Wu, J E, Staatz, W D, Saelman, E U, Keely, P J. Analysis of collagen receptors. Methods Enzymol, 245, 147-83, 1994
Despotis, G J, Summerfield, A L, Joist, J H, Goodnough, L T, Santoro, S A, Spitznagel, E, Cox, J L, Lappas, D G. Comparison of activated coagulation time and whole blood heparin measurements with laboratory plasma anti-Xa heparin concentration in patients having cardiac operations. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 108(6), 1076-82, 1994
Despotis, G J, Santoro, S A, Spitznagel, E, Kater, K M, Barnes, P, Cox, J L, Lappas, D G. On-site prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and platelet count. A comparison between whole blood and laboratory assays with coagulation factor analysis in patients presenting for cardiac surgery. Anesthesiology, 80(2), 338-51, 1994
Wu, J E, Santoro, S A. Complex patterns of expression suggest extensive roles for the alpha 2 beta 1 integrin in murine development. Dev Dyn, 199(4), 292-314, 1994
Winters, K J, Walsh, J J, Rubin, B G, Santoro, S A. Platelet interactions with fibronectin: divalent cation-independent platelet adhesion to the gelatin-binding domain of fibronectin. Blood, 81(7), 1778-86, 1993
Zutter, M M, Krigman, H R, Santoro, S A. Altered integrin expression in adenocarcinoma of the breast. Analysis by in situ hybridization. Am J Pathol, 142(5), 1439-48, 1993
Rubin, B G, Santoro, S A, Sicard, G A. Platelet interactions with the vessel wall and prosthetic grafts. Ann Vasc Surg, 7(2), 200-7, 1993
Rubin, B G, McGraw, D J, Sicard, G A, Santoro, S A. New RGD analogue inhibits human platelet adhesion and aggregation and eliminates platelet deposition on canine vascular grafts. J Vasc Surg, 15(4), 683-91; discussion 691-2, 1992
Zutter, M M, Fong, A M, Krigman, H R, Santoro, S A. Differential regulation of the alpha 2 beta 1 and alpha IIb beta 3 integrin genes during megakaryocytic differentiation of pluripotential K562 cells. J Biol Chem, 267(28), 20233-8, 1992
Burger, S R, Zutter, M M, Sturgill-Koszycki, S, Santoro, S A. Induced cell surface expression of functional alpha 2 beta 1 integrin during megakaryocytic differentiation of K562 leukemic cells. Exp Cell Res, 202(1), 28-35, 1992
Pacifici, R, Basilico, C, Roman, J, Zutter, M M, Santoro, S A, McCracken, R. Collagen-induced release of interleukin 1 from human blood mononuclear cells. Potentiation by fibronectin binding to the alpha 5 beta 1 integrin. J Clin Invest, 89(1), 61-7, 1992
Hortin, G L, Staatz, W D, Santoro, S A. Preparation of soluble peptide libraries: application to studies of platelet adhesion sequences. Biochem Int, 26(4), 731-8, 1992
Winters, K J, Santoro, S A, Miletich, J P, Eisenberg, P R. Relative importance of thrombin compared with plasmin-mediated platelet activation in response to plasminogen activation with streptokinase. Circulation, 84(4), 1552-60, 1991
Pacifici, R, Carano, A, Santoro, S A, Rifas, L, Jeffrey, J J, Malone, J D, McCracken, R, Avioli, L V. Bone matrix constituents stimulate interleukin-1 release from human blood mononuclear cells. J Clin Invest, 87(1), 221-8, 1991
Staatz, W D, Fok, K F, Zutter, M M, Adams, S P, Rodriguez, B A, Santoro, S A. Identification of a tetrapeptide recognition sequence for the alpha 2 beta 1 integrin in collagen. J Biol Chem, 266(12), 7363-7, 1991
Santoro, S A, Walsh, J J, Staatz, W D, Baranski, K J. Distinct determinants on collagen support alpha 2 beta 1 integrin-mediated platelet adhesion and platelet activation. Cell Regul, 2(11), 905-13, 1991
Zutter, M M, Mazoujian, G, Santoro, S A. Decreased expression of integrin adhesive protein receptors in adenocarcinoma of the breast. Am J Pathol, 137(4), 863-70, 1990
Zutter, M M, Santoro, S A. Widespread histologic distribution of the alpha 2 beta 1 integrin cell-surface collagen receptor. Am J Pathol, 137(1), 113-20, 1990
Staatz, W D, Peters, K J, Santoro, S A. Divalent cation-dependent structure in the platelet membrane glycoprotein Ia-IIa (VLA-2) complex. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 168(1), 107-14, 1990
Winters, K J, Eisenberg, P R, Jaffe, A S, Santoro, S A. Dependence of plasmin-mediated degradation of platelet adhesive receptors on temperature and Ca2+. Blood, 76(8), 1546-57, 1990
Staatz, W D, Walsh, J J, Pexton, T, Santoro, S A. The alpha 2 beta 1 integrin cell surface collagen receptor binds to the alpha 1 (I)-CB3 peptide of collagen. J Biol Chem, 265(9), 4778-81, 1990
Torr, S R, Winters, K J, Santoro, S A, Sobel, B E. The nature of interactions between tissue-type plasminogen activator and platelets. Thromb Res, 59(2), 279-93, 1990
Love, P E, Santoro, S A. Antiphospholipid antibodies: anticardiolipin and the lupus anticoagulant in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and in non-SLE disorders. Prevalence and clinical significance. Ann Intern Med, 112(9), 682-98, 1990
Staatz, W D, Rajpara, S M, Wayner, E A, Carter, W G, Santoro, S A. The membrane glycoprotein Ia-IIa (VLA-2) complex mediates the Mg++-dependent adhesion of platelets to collagen. J Cell Biol, 108(5), 1917-24, 1989
Hawrylowicz, C M, Santoro, S A, Platt, F M, Unanue, E R. Activated platelets express IL-1 activity. J Immunol, 143(12), 4015-8, 1989
McGoff, M A, Allen, B T, Der, T, Sicard, G A, Santoro, S A. Mechanisms of vascular graft thrombosis: role of altered canine platelet sensitivity to thromboxane. Thromb Res, 55(6), 695-707, 1989
Santoro, S A. Inhibition of platelet adhesion to fibronectin, fibrinogen, and von Willebrand factor substrates by complex gangliosides. Blood, 73(2), 484-9, 1989
Santoro, S A, Lawing, W J. Modulation of an RGDS binding site on the platelet membrane glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 160(1), 189-95, 1989
Santoro, S A. Molecular basis of platelet adhesion to collagen. Prog Clin Biol Res, 283, 291-314, 1988
Santoro, S A, Rajpara, S M, Staatz, W D, Woods, V L. Isolation and characterization of a platelet surface collagen binding complex related to VLA-2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 153(1), 217-23, 1988
Bourey, R E, Santoro, S A. Interactions of exercise, coagulation, platelets, and fibrinolysis--a brief review. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 20(5), 439-46, 1988
Hortin, G L, Tollefsen, D M, Santoro, S A. Assessment of interference by heparin cofactor II in the DuPont aca antithrombin-III assay. Am J Clin Pathol, 89(4), 515-7, 1988
Santoro, S A, Frazier, W A. Isolation and characterization of thrombospondin. Methods Enzymol, 144, 438-46, 1987
Santoro, S A, Lawing, W J. Competition for related but nonidentical binding sites on the glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex by peptides derived from platelet adhesive proteins. Cell, 48(5), 867-73, 1987
Santoro, S A. The dualistic mechanisms of platelet adhesion to von Willebrand factor substrates. Exp Cell Res, 173(2), 413-24, 1987
Santoro, S A. Thrombospondin and the adhesive behavior of platelets. Semin Thromb Hemost, 13(3), 290-7, 1987
Santoro, S A. Identification of a 160,000 dalton platelet membrane protein that mediates the initial divalent cation-dependent adhesion of platelets to collagen. Cell, 46(6), 913-20, 1986
Santoro, S A, Cowan, J F. Thrombin enhanced adhesion of platelets to von Willebrand factor substrates. Thromb Res, 43(1), 57-72, 1986
Dixit, V M, Haverstick, D M, O''Rourke, K, Hennessy, S W, Broekelmann, T J, McDonald, J A, Grant, G A, Santoro, S A, Frazier, W A. Inhibition of platelet aggregation by a monoclonal antibody against human fibronectin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 82(11), 3844-8, 1985
Dixit, V M, Haverstick, D M, O''Rourke, K M, Hennessy, S W, Grant, G A, Santoro, S A, Frazier, W A. A monoclonal antibody against human thrombospondin inhibits platelet aggregation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 82(10), 3472-6, 1985
Haverstick, D M, Dixit, V M, Grant, G A, Frazier, W A, Santoro, S A. Characterization of the platelet agglutinating activity of thrombospondin. Biochemistry, 24(13), 3128-34, 1985
Dixit, V M, Haverstick, D M, O''Rourke, K M, Hennessy, S W, Grant, G A, Santoro, S A, Frazier, W A. Effects of anti-thrombospondin monoclonal antibodies on the agglutination of erythrocytes and fixed, activated platelets by purified thrombospondin. Biochemistry, 24(16), 4270-5, 1985
Cornelison, G S, Rollins, A, Santoro, S A. Duplicate coagulation assays warranted. Am J Clin Pathol, 84(2), 261-2, 1985
Haverstick, D M, Cowan, J F, Yamada, K M, Santoro, S A. Inhibition of platelet adhesion to fibronectin, fibrinogen, and von Willebrand factor substrates by a synthetic tetrapeptide derived from the cell-binding domain of fibronectin. Blood, 66(4), 946-52, 1985
Galvin, N J, Dixit, V M, O''Rourke, K M, Santoro, S A, Grant, G A, Frazier, W A. Mapping of epitopes for monoclonal antibodies against human platelet thrombospondin with electron microscopy and high sensitivity amino acid sequencing. J Cell Biol, 101(4), 1434-41, 1985
Roberts, D D, Haverstick, D M, Dixit, V M, Frazier, W A, Santoro, S A, Ginsburg, V. The platelet glycoprotein thrombospondin binds specifically to sulfated glycolipids. J Biol Chem, 260(16), 9405-11, 1985
Shafer, K E, Santoro, S A, Sobel, B E, Jaffe, A S. Monitoring activity of fibrinolytic agents. A therapeutic challenge. Am J Med, 76(5), 879-86, 1984
Dixit, V M, Grant, G A, Frazier, W A, Santoro, S A. Isolation of the fibrinogen-binding region of platelet thrombospondin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 119(3), 1075-81, 1984
Dixit, V M, Grant, G A, Santoro, S A, Frazier, W A. Isolation and characterization of a heparin-binding domain from the amino terminus of platelet thrombospondin. J Biol Chem, 259(16), 10100-5, 1984
Haverstick, D M, Dixit, V M, Grant, G A, Frazier, W A, Santoro, S A. Localization of the hemagglutinating activity of platelet thrombospondin to a 140 000-dalton thermolytic fragment. Biochemistry, 23(23), 5597-603, 1984
Santoro, S A, Cowan, J F. Mechanism of inhibition by trinitrophenylation of the ristocetin cofactor activity of von Willebrand factor. Biochim Biophys Acta, 797(2), 178-85, 1984
Santoro, S A. Inhibition of platelet aggregation by fibronectin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 116(1), 135-40, 1983
Santoro, S A. Differential effects of concanavalin A and succinyl concanavalin A on the macromolecular events of platelet activation. Biochim Biophys Acta, 757(1), 101-10, 1983
Santoro, S A. Preferential binding of high molecular weight forms of von Willebrand factor to fibrillar collagen. Biochim Biophys Acta, 756(1), 123-6, 1983
Santoro, S A. Amino group modification inhibits ristocetin cofactor activity of human von Willebrand factor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 108(2), 479-85, 1982
Santoro, S A, Cunningham, L W. Platelet-collagen adhesion. Methods Enzymol, 82 Pt A, 509-13, 1982
Santoro, S A, Cowan, J F. Adsorption of von Willebrand factor by fibrillar collagen--implications concerning the adhesion of platelets to collagen. Coll Relat Res, 2(1), 31-43, 1982
Santoro, S A, Cunningham, L W. Platelet-collagen adhesion-membrane fluidity and the development of high affinity adhesion through multiple interacting sites. Coll Relat Res, 1(6), 517-26, 1981
Santoro, S A. Adsorption of von Willebrand factor/factor VIII by the genetically distinct interstitial collagens. Thromb Res, 21(6), 689-91, 1981
Santoro, S A, Cunningham, L W. Collagen-mediated platelet aggregation: the role of multiple interactions between the platelet surface and collagen. Thromb Haemost, 43(2), 158-62, 1980
Santoro, S A, Cunningham, L W. Fibronectin and the multiple interaction model for platelet-collagen adhesion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 76(6), 2644-8, 1979
Cunningham, LW, Santoro, S, Davies, H. Primary hemostasis (collagen-platelet interaction): introduction. Suppl Thromb Haemost, 63, 205-13, 1978
Santoro, S A, Cunningham, L W. Collagen-mediated platelet aggregation. Evidence for multivalent interactions of intermediate specificity between collagen and platelets. J Clin Invest, 60(5), 1054-60, 1977